The majority of the blood supply to the femoral head comes from the medial and lateral circumflex vessels. These vessels directly branch off of which of the following?

• • Obturator artery
  The obturator artery is a branch of the internal iliac artery and divides into an anterior and posterior branch after passing through the obturator foramen. It supplies the obturator externus, pectineus, and adductor muscles.

 

• Profunda femoris

The profunda femoris is a branch of the common femoral artery, and supplies many different branches including the medial and lateral circumflex vessels that supply the femoral head.

 

 

• Superior gluteal artery

The superior gluteal artery is a branch of the internal iliac artery, and supplies the gluteus medius and minimus muscles, as well as parts of the gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata muscles.

 

 

• External iliac artery

The external iliac artery is a branch of the common iliac artery, and divides into the inferior epigastric, deep circumflex iliac, and femoral arteries.